Page 42 - BYTE-2023
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On-orbit            Satellite

        Refueling:

        ISRO  is  planning  to  demonstrate

        on-orbit satellite refueling by 2025.
        This      would        be      a     significant

        milestone  for  the  space  industry,

        as  it  would  allow  satellites  to  be
        refueled         and       extended           their

        lifespans.         ISRO        is      currently
        developing  a  robotic  refueling

        system that would be attached to

        a  spacecraft  and  used  to  refuel
        other satellites in orbit. The system

        would  use  a  robotic  arm  to

        grapple         the       refueling        target
        satellite  and  then  connect  a  fuel

        line.  The  fuel  would  then  be

        transferred  from  the  refueling
        spacecraft to the target satellite.




                                                               Quantum communications


                                                               ISRO's        2025         plan        involves
                                                               developing                           quantum

                                                               communication  technology  for

                                                               secure         long-distance              space
                                                               communication.               This      includes

                                                               launching                a           quantum

                                                               communication  satellite,  setting
                                                               up  ground  stations,  and  creating

                                                               space-specific            QKD        protocols.

                                                               Quantum                    communication
                                                               enhances  security  and  enables

                                                               secure  data  transmission  over
                                                               long distances in space.





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